Most capital (now Beijing). In the first year of the middle year (the first year of the Southern Song Dynasty, the first year of the Southern Song Dynasty, 1260), Kublai Khan ascended the throne to become the Emperor of the Greater Mongolian Emperor Khan. Hubhan Lie released the name of the throne "Emperor Dengbao's Put". In the book, he claims to be "朕", and he calls his brother Yuan Xianzong Meng Ge as the "Emperor". On June 29, Kublai Khan released the "China Tong Jianyuan", which was officially established "Zhongtong". In May (four years and 1263 in the Southern Song Dynasty), Kublai Khan was promoted to the capital as a bowl in Xia. August to the first year of the yuan (five years and 1264) in the first year of the Yuan Dynasty, Yanjing (Jinzhong, Kim Capital, said Yanjing after the death of Jin) was renamed Zhongdu, and the preparation of Jiandu. On September 7, Kublai Khan released "Zhiyuan to Yuan Yuan", taking the meaning of "Zhibai" "Zhi Kun Yuan", and changed to "five years in the middle of the middle of the middle" to "the first year of the Yuan Dynasty". The eight years (seventh year of Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty) on December 18, Kublai Khan changed the country name from "Great Mongolia" to "Great Yuan", from the emperor of the Greater Mongolian to the big Emperor Yuan, the "Da Yuan" country officially appeared, Kublai Khan became the first emperor in the Yuan Dynasty. In February of the Ninth year of the Yuan (eight years and 1272 in the Southern Song Dynasty), Liu Bingzhong discussed and changed the capital as the metropolis. extension information: yuan capital: yuan capital, referred to as the capital, is the capital of the Yuan Dynasty, Mongolian is called Dayi, Turkic language is called "Khanbaliq", which means " The place of sweat ". This from the Yuan Dynasty scientist Liu Bingzhong planned and constructed. From the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty to the fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1267) to the Emperor Yuanshun to the 28th year (1368), it was the Yuan Dynasty. The construction of the four years (about 1267), which lasted for more than 20 years, completed the construction of palace, palace, imperial city, capital, Wangfu and other projects to form a new generation of emperor capital. , but in the twenty -two years (1285) of the Yuan Dynasty (1285), the move to the new city must be based on the wealthy and the officials. As a result, a large number of civilians had to stay in the old city of Zhongdu. The old city was still important in the minds of people at that time. Generally, the new and old cities are called "North and South Two Cities". The two cities have 75 and sixty -two places in the second city. The plane of the new city is rectangular, with a perimeter of 28.6 kilometers and an area of about 50 square kilometers, which is equivalent to three -fifths of the area of Tang Changan. The road planning of Yuan Dadu is neat and clear. The archeological excavation confirms that most of the street width on the central axis is 28 meters, the width of other major streets is 25 meters, and the width of the street is half the street. The city walls are made of soil, and the appearance is covered with reed curtains. Due to the setting of the city and the straight rules of the streets, the city pattern is particularly spectacular. The city site is located in the urban area of today, to the Dadu Tucheng site in the north, to Chang'an Street in the south, and east to the second ring road. The layout of the metropolitan city of Yuanda City has established the basic pattern of Beijing today.
The Yuan Dynasty was established in 1271 and Dingdu Metropolis (now Beijing). The Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368) was established by the Mongolian. It is the first unified dynasty established by ethnic minorities in Chinese history. Dingdu Metropolis (now Beijing), passed on the 11th emperor of the fifth generation, lasted ninety -eight years. In 1206, Genghis Khan Tiemuzhen unified Mobei and began to expand external expansion after the establishment of Greater Mongolia, and successively attacked Xiliao, Xixia, Huazi Ziming, Dongxia, Jin and other countries. After the death of Meng Ge Khan, it triggered the dispute between Ali Big and Kubilie, prompting Greater Mongolia to split. In 1260 Kublai Khan was sweat, and Jianyuan "China". 1279 (to 16th year), the Yuan Army destroyed the Southern Song Dynasty in the Yashan naval battle, ending the long -term war situation. After that, the Yuan Dynasty continued to expand to the outside world, but repeatedly lost in the sea and Southeast Asian countries, such as the Yuan Dynasty War, the Yuan -Vietnam War, the Yuan -Myanmar War, and the Yuan Claw War. The mid -term coup is frequent, and politics has never been on track. The political corruption in the later period, the power of power, the government, and the increasingly intensified national contradictions, which led to the peasant uprising in the late Yuan Dynasty. In 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang said that the Emperor established the Ming Dynasty, and then the Northern Exit was expelled from Yuan Ting to capture Beijing. After that, Yuan Ting retired from Mobei, and it was known as Beiyuan. In 1402, Yuan Chen's ghost power usurped the establishment of the political power and perished. Extension information: The area of the Yuan Dynasty The predecessor of the Yuan Dynasty was Greater Mongolia. After the operation of Mongolian Khan and three western signs in the past, the territory starts from the Japanese Sea, the East China Sea in the east, the Black Sea and the Mediterranean region in the west, the north crossing the West Siberia, and the Persian Gulf in the south to establish a superpower across the Asia and Europe. The Genghis Khan period is divided into the kings of the East and the West Kings. The son of the seal is the Qincha Grassland north of the Xianhai, Lihai, and Balkashi, which is divided into the Qincha Prairie. The second place in Xiliao, north of the Xiliao River, the second son of the second son, and the history of Chahetai Khanate; ; Saibei, Hanlands, Northeast, Qinghai -Tibet, and eastern Xinjiang were obtained by the young children, and then they were directly under the jurisdiction of the Yuan Dynasty. Reference information Source: Baidu Encyclopedia — Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty was in the Yuan Dynasty, which is now Beijing. The metropolis, referred to as the capital, is the capital of the Yuan Dynasty, which means "the place of sweat". From the planning and construction of Liu Bingzhong, a scientist of the Yuan Dynasty, from the four years of the Yuan Dynasty Kublai Kubili to the Yuan Dynasty (1267) to the Emperor Yuanshun to the 28th year (1368), it was the Yuan Dynasty. The plane of the new city is rectangular, with a perimeter of 28.6 kilometers and an area of about 50 square kilometers, which is equivalent to three -fifths of the area of Tang Changan. The road planning of Yuan Dadu is neat and clear. Archaeological excavations have confirmed that most of the street width on the central axis is 28 meters, the width of other major streets is 25 meters, and the width of the street is half of the street. The city wall is made of soil, and the appearance is covered with reed curtains. Due to the setting of the city and the straight rules of the streets, the city pattern is particularly spectacular. is on the west of the center of the center. It is the drum tower and the bell tower. The west of the Bell and Drum Tower is the Jishui Pond. It is the end of the Yuan Dynasty. It is also the most prosperous business district in the city. There are also garden pavilions such as Hanghu Pavilion and Wanchun Garden. The roads in Dadu are soil roads. During the construction of the city, a drainage and lighting gap was set on both sides of the city's main roads, and stones were built with stones. After the Ming Dynasty, many bright gaps were covered and turned into dark gaps. Extension information
The most distinctive features of the new city plan is to determine the pattern of the city with the water surface as the center. Deep consciousness is related. It because the palace room adopts the method of circular water layout, and the south side of the new city is restricted by the old city, most of the urban area has to be pushed north. The commercial cities in the new city of Yuanda are scattered in the urban areas around the imperial city and the residents at the gate of the city. Among them, Dongcheng District is the concentration of the Agency and noble housing. There are many commercial cities. There are Dongshi, Kok City, Cultural City, Paper City, Boot City, etc. The nature of the commercial market reflects the needs of officials. The northern city district because Guo Shoujing opened the Tonghui River to make the Haizi (Jishui Pond) became the terminal pier of the North and South Grand Canal, and the coastal area formed a prosperous business district. The oblique street on the north coast of Haizi is even more lively. Various Geban taverns and commercial markets of daily necessities are brought together here. The city is all available. The northern Zhonglou Street is also very lively. It is particularly noticeable that there is also the largest "poor Han city" near the Drum Tower, which should be the market for urban slums to sell labor. The Camel City, Yangshi, Bull Market, Malaysia, and Donkey City in Xicheng District. The sale of animals is concentrated here, and the residents are lower than Dongcheng District. Nancheng District is the old city of Jinzhong, including Nancheng, steamed cake city, poor Han city, and car markets, fruit markets, vegetable markets, Cao City, and poor Han city in the first three gate of the new city. Because the first three doors are the general exchange of water and land transportation, the market for commercial cities and residents has formed a bustling area where the urban -rural binding department and the new and old two cities are transferred. In this shows that the distribution of the commercial city and the residential area of Yuan Dadu has both urban planning constraints, as well as spontaneous factor in urban life and foreign transportation. Another pioneering in the construction of the city of Yuan Dadu is to set up a tall clock tower and drum tower in the city center as the time for the city. In ancient China, the drums were used to use the Limen, the city, the city, or the tower, or the city. Reference materials Source: Baidu Encyclopedia-Yuan Dadu
Beijing The Yuan Dynasty established a large capital on the basis of Liaoning and Jin. This is the Mongolian aristocracy recognizing that Beijing is located at the intersection of East . The military and political operations from Beijing to the south are basically successful: the south of the Mongolian Iron Rider, The south of the Yan King Zhu Xi, the south of the Qing soldiers, Yuan Shikai's south, etc.) can be relied on Therefore, The landmo, rolling up jewelry, riding on the horse, the smoke will enter the homeland. This is based on the principles of the local people and .
Most capital (now Beijing).
In the first year of the middle year (the first year of the Southern Song Dynasty, the first year of the Southern Song Dynasty, 1260), Kublai Khan ascended the throne to become the Emperor of the Greater Mongolian Emperor Khan.
Hubhan Lie released the name of the throne "Emperor Dengbao's Put". In the book, he claims to be "朕", and he calls his brother Yuan Xianzong Meng Ge as the "Emperor". On June 29, Kublai Khan released the "China Tong Jianyuan", which was officially established "Zhongtong".
In May (four years and 1263 in the Southern Song Dynasty), Kublai Khan was promoted to the capital as a bowl in Xia.
August to the first year of the yuan (five years and 1264) in the first year of the Yuan Dynasty, Yanjing (Jinzhong, Kim Capital, said Yanjing after the death of Jin) was renamed Zhongdu, and the preparation of Jiandu.
On September 7, Kublai Khan released "Zhiyuan to Yuan Yuan", taking the meaning of "Zhibai" "Zhi Kun Yuan", and changed to "five years in the middle of the middle of the middle" to "the first year of the Yuan Dynasty".
The eight years (seventh year of Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty) on December 18, Kublai Khan changed the country name from "Great Mongolia" to "Great Yuan", from the emperor of the Greater Mongolian to the big Emperor Yuan, the "Da Yuan" country officially appeared, Kublai Khan became the first emperor in the Yuan Dynasty.
In February of the Ninth year of the Yuan (eight years and 1272 in the Southern Song Dynasty), Liu Bingzhong discussed and changed the capital as the metropolis.
extension information:
yuan capital:
yuan capital, referred to as the capital, is the capital of the Yuan Dynasty, Mongolian is called Dayi, Turkic language is called "Khanbaliq", which means " The place of sweat ".
This from the Yuan Dynasty scientist Liu Bingzhong planned and constructed. From the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty to the fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1267) to the Emperor Yuanshun to the 28th year (1368), it was the Yuan Dynasty.
The construction of the four years (about 1267), which lasted for more than 20 years, completed the construction of palace, palace, imperial city, capital, Wangfu and other projects to form a new generation of emperor capital.
, but in the twenty -two years (1285) of the Yuan Dynasty (1285), the move to the new city must be based on the wealthy and the officials. As a result, a large number of civilians had to stay in the old city of Zhongdu.
The old city was still important in the minds of people at that time. Generally, the new and old cities are called "North and South Two Cities". The two cities have 75 and sixty -two places in the second city.
The plane of the new city is rectangular, with a perimeter of 28.6 kilometers and an area of about 50 square kilometers, which is equivalent to three -fifths of the area of Tang Changan. The road planning of Yuan Dadu is neat and clear.
The archeological excavation confirms that most of the street width on the central axis is 28 meters, the width of other major streets is 25 meters, and the width of the street is half the street.
The city walls are made of soil, and the appearance is covered with reed curtains. Due to the setting of the city and the straight rules of the streets, the city pattern is particularly spectacular.
The city site is located in the urban area of today, to the Dadu Tucheng site in the north, to Chang'an Street in the south, and east to the second ring road. The layout of the metropolitan city of Yuanda City has established the basic pattern of Beijing today.
Reference materials Source: Baidu Encyclopedia — Yuan Dadu
Reference materials Source: Baidu Encyclopedia -Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty was established in 1271 and Dingdu Metropolis (now Beijing).
The Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368) was established by the Mongolian. It is the first unified dynasty established by ethnic minorities in Chinese history. Dingdu Metropolis (now Beijing), passed on the 11th emperor of the fifth generation, lasted ninety -eight years.
In 1206, Genghis Khan Tiemuzhen unified Mobei and began to expand external expansion after the establishment of Greater Mongolia, and successively attacked Xiliao, Xixia, Huazi Ziming, Dongxia, Jin and other countries. After the death of Meng Ge Khan, it triggered the dispute between Ali Big and Kubilie, prompting Greater Mongolia to split. In 1260 Kublai Khan was sweat, and Jianyuan "China".
1279 (to 16th year), the Yuan Army destroyed the Southern Song Dynasty in the Yashan naval battle, ending the long -term war situation. After that, the Yuan Dynasty continued to expand to the outside world, but repeatedly lost in the sea and Southeast Asian countries, such as the Yuan Dynasty War, the Yuan -Vietnam War, the Yuan -Myanmar War, and the Yuan Claw War. The mid -term coup is frequent, and politics has never been on track.
The political corruption in the later period, the power of power, the government, and the increasingly intensified national contradictions, which led to the peasant uprising in the late Yuan Dynasty. In 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang said that the Emperor established the Ming Dynasty, and then the Northern Exit was expelled from Yuan Ting to capture Beijing. After that, Yuan Ting retired from Mobei, and it was known as Beiyuan. In 1402, Yuan Chen's ghost power usurped the establishment of the political power and perished.
Extension information:
The area of the Yuan Dynasty
The predecessor of the Yuan Dynasty was Greater Mongolia. After the operation of Mongolian Khan and three western signs in the past, the territory starts from the Japanese Sea, the East China Sea in the east, the Black Sea and the Mediterranean region in the west, the north crossing the West Siberia, and the Persian Gulf in the south to establish a superpower across the Asia and Europe.
The Genghis Khan period is divided into the kings of the East and the West Kings. The son of the seal is the Qincha Grassland north of the Xianhai, Lihai, and Balkashi, which is divided into the Qincha Prairie.
The second place in Xiliao, north of the Xiliao River, the second son of the second son, and the history of Chahetai Khanate; ; Saibei, Hanlands, Northeast, Qinghai -Tibet, and eastern Xinjiang were obtained by the young children, and then they were directly under the jurisdiction of the Yuan Dynasty.
Reference information Source: Baidu Encyclopedia — Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty was in the Yuan Dynasty, which is now Beijing.
The metropolis, referred to as the capital, is the capital of the Yuan Dynasty, which means "the place of sweat". From the planning and construction of Liu Bingzhong, a scientist of the Yuan Dynasty, from the four years of the Yuan Dynasty Kublai Kubili to the Yuan Dynasty (1267) to the Emperor Yuanshun to the 28th year (1368), it was the Yuan Dynasty.
The plane of the new city is rectangular, with a perimeter of 28.6 kilometers and an area of about 50 square kilometers, which is equivalent to three -fifths of the area of Tang Changan. The road planning of Yuan Dadu is neat and clear. Archaeological excavations have confirmed that most of the street width on the central axis is 28 meters, the width of other major streets is 25 meters, and the width of the street is half of the street. The city wall is made of soil, and the appearance is covered with reed curtains. Due to the setting of the city and the straight rules of the streets, the city pattern is particularly spectacular.
is on the west of the center of the center. It is the drum tower and the bell tower. The west of the Bell and Drum Tower is the Jishui Pond. It is the end of the Yuan Dynasty. It is also the most prosperous business district in the city. There are also garden pavilions such as Hanghu Pavilion and Wanchun Garden.
The roads in Dadu are soil roads. During the construction of the city, a drainage and lighting gap was set on both sides of the city's main roads, and stones were built with stones. After the Ming Dynasty, many bright gaps were covered and turned into dark gaps.
Extension information
The most distinctive features of the new city plan is to determine the pattern of the city with the water surface as the center. Deep consciousness is related.
It because the palace room adopts the method of circular water layout, and the south side of the new city is restricted by the old city, most of the urban area has to be pushed north. The commercial cities in the new city of Yuanda are scattered in the urban areas around the imperial city and the residents at the gate of the city. Among them, Dongcheng District is the concentration of the Agency and noble housing. There are many commercial cities. There are Dongshi, Kok City, Cultural City, Paper City, Boot City, etc. The nature of the commercial market reflects the needs of officials.
The northern city district because Guo Shoujing opened the Tonghui River to make the Haizi (Jishui Pond) became the terminal pier of the North and South Grand Canal, and the coastal area formed a prosperous business district. The oblique street on the north coast of Haizi is even more lively. Various Geban taverns and commercial markets of daily necessities are brought together here. The city is all available. The northern Zhonglou Street is also very lively. It is particularly noticeable that there is also the largest "poor Han city" near the Drum Tower, which should be the market for urban slums to sell labor.
The Camel City, Yangshi, Bull Market, Malaysia, and Donkey City in Xicheng District. The sale of animals is concentrated here, and the residents are lower than Dongcheng District. Nancheng District is the old city of Jinzhong, including Nancheng, steamed cake city, poor Han city, and car markets, fruit markets, vegetable markets, Cao City, and poor Han city in the first three gate of the new city. Because the first three doors are the general exchange of water and land transportation, the market for commercial cities and residents has formed a bustling area where the urban -rural binding department and the new and old two cities are transferred.
In this shows that the distribution of the commercial city and the residential area of Yuan Dadu has both urban planning constraints, as well as spontaneous factor in urban life and foreign transportation. Another pioneering in the construction of the city of Yuan Dadu is to set up a tall clock tower and drum tower in the city center as the time for the city. In ancient China, the drums were used to use the Limen, the city, the city, or the tower, or the city.
Reference materials Source: Baidu Encyclopedia-Yuan Dadu
Beijing
The Yuan Dynasty established a large capital on the basis of Liaoning and Jin. This is the Mongolian aristocracy recognizing that Beijing is located at the intersection of East
.
The military and political operations from Beijing to the south are basically successful: the south of the Mongolian Iron Rider,
The south of the Yan King Zhu Xi, the south of the Qing soldiers, Yuan Shikai's south, etc.) can be relied on Therefore,
The landmo, rolling up jewelry, riding on the horse, the smoke will enter the homeland. This is based on the principles of the local people and
.
Dadu
Beijing now